python3实现抓取网页资源的 N 种办法
这两天学习了python3实现抓取网页资源的方法,发现了很多种方法,所以,今天添加一点小笔记。
1、最简单
import urllib.request response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/') html = response.read()
2、使用 Request
import urllib.request req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/') response = urllib.request.urlopen(req) the_page = response.read()
3、发送数据
#! /usr/bin/env python3 import urllib.parse import urllib.request url = 'http://localhost/login.php' user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)' values = { 'act' : 'login', 'login[email]' : 'yzhang@i9i8.com', 'login[password]' : '123456' } data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values) req = urllib.request.Request(url, data) req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/') response = urllib.request.urlopen(req) the_page = response.read() print(the_page.decode("utf8"))
4、发送数据和header
#! /usr/bin/env python3 import urllib.parse import urllib.request url = 'http://localhost/login.php' user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)' values = { 'act' : 'login', 'login[email]' : 'yzhang@i9i8.com', 'login[password]' : '123456' } headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent } data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values) req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers) response = urllib.request.urlopen(req) the_page = response.read() print(the_page.decode("utf8"))
5、http 错误
#! /usr/bin/env python3 import urllib.request req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.python.org/fish.html') try: urllib.request.urlopen(req) except urllib.error.HTTPError as e: print(e.code) print(e.read().decode("utf8"))
6、异常处理1
#! /usr/bin/env python3 from urllib.request import Request, urlopen from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError req = Request("http://twitter.com/") try: response = urlopen(req) except HTTPError as e: print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.') print('Error code: ', e.code) except URLError as e: print('We failed to reach a server.') print('Reason: ', e.reason) else: print("good!") print(response.read().decode("utf8"))
7、异常处理2
#! /usr/bin/env python3 from urllib.request import Request, urlopen from urllib.error import URLError req = Request("http://twitter.com/") try: response = urlopen(req) except URLError as e: if hasattr(e, 'reason'): print('We failed to reach a server.') print('Reason: ', e.reason) elif hasattr(e, 'code'): print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.') print('Error code: ', e.code) else: print("good!") print(response.read().decode("utf8"))
8、HTTP 认证
#! /usr/bin/env python3 import urllib.request # create a password manager password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() # Add the username and password. # If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None. top_level_url = "https://cms.tetx.com/" password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, 'yzhang', 'cccddd') handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr) # create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) # use the opener to fetch a URL a_url = "https://cms.tetx.com/" x = opener.open(a_url) print(x.read()) # Install the opener. # Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener. urllib.request.install_opener(opener) a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode('utf8') print(a)
9、使用代理
#! /usr/bin/env python3 import urllib.request proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'sock5': 'localhost:1080'}) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support) urllib.request.install_opener(opener) a = urllib.request.urlopen("http://g.cn").read().decode("utf8") print(a)
10、超时
#! /usr/bin/env python3 import socket import urllib.request # timeout in seconds timeout = 2 socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout) # this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout # we have set in the socket module req = urllib.request.Request('http://twitter.com/') a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read() print(a)
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